For web browser-based applications single sign-on can be done with SAML 2.0. The Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) version 2.0 is a standard for the communication of assertions about principals, typically users. The assertion can include the means by which a subject was authenticated, attributes associated with the subject, and an authorization decision for a given resource.
The main components of this landscape are an Identity Provider and Services Providers. The service providers outsource the job of authenticating the user to the identity provider. The identity provider maintains the list of service providers where the user is logged in and passes on logout requests to those service providers.
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Identity Management
With SAP NetWeaver Identity Management, IT organizations can ensure efficient and secure management of internal and external identity accounts in a heterogeneous environment. It enables IT organizations to coordinate and join existing accounts using directory services, to set up a complete workflow, to provision access to systems, and support distributed management of accounts.
SAP NetWeaver Identity Management enables you to streamline provisioning of users into all applications – SAP and third-party – as well as operating systems, file systems, and databases via a comprehensive, constantly expanding connector framework (see figure above).
The integration is based on open communication standards to enable the integration of virtually all applications, including Microsoft Active Directory, Microsoft Exchange, IBM Lotus Notes, and many others. The integration of SAP NetWeaver Business Warehouse allows for highly customized, differentiated state-of-the-art reporting.
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SAP NetWeaver Identity Management is integrated with SAP Business Suite software. This comprehensive support for user provisioning is driven by the business processes implemented by the various applications of SAP Business Suite. For example, integration with the SAP ERP Human Capital Management solution automates identity management processes on the basis of employee creation and status change events triggered by HR business processes, as shown in the figure above.
Architecture of SAP NetWeaver Identity Management 7.2
The system landscape to set up when using SAP NetWeaver Identity Management depends on the functions and features to use and these can be divided into the two main categories:
1. Identity provisioning.
2. Identity federation.
The Identity Centre is the primary component used for identity management. The Identity Centre includes functions such as:
- Identity provisioning
- Workflow
- Password management
- Auditing
- Logging
- Reporting
Authorization Concepts and Management
With SAP NetWeaver, IT organizations can support business process flows by ensuring that authorized users have appropriate applications and data used to support the business process. IT organizations can define roles with minimal permissions, provide read-only access to data, and segregate process duties when required. Authorization is defined to support business requirements; for example, within an HR organization, authorizations can be set to grant permission to employee data to only authorized users such as managers or HR personnel.
NetWeaver Identity Management offers a convenient but powerful role concept (see figure above). Business roles, which are defined as part of a business process, can be assigned to users. These business roles consist of one or more technical roles, which are system specific and represent access information or technical authorizations.
These include authorization roles such as those for SAP software systems that are based on the ABAP programming language or groups for Active Directory. By focusing on business processes and business roles, SAP NetWeaver Identity Management lets you start with business requirements and encapsulate the complexity of managing technical roles and access. When you assign a business role to a user, all technical roles for that business role and any role below that it in the hierarchy are assigned to the user. In addition, workflow and provisioning is automatically triggered.
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SAP BusinessObjects Access Control
SAP BusinessObjects Access Control is a tool about risk analysis. SAP recommends that when an Identity Management system is installed, also SAP BusinessObjects Access Control should be used. It is an access control mechanism to analyze the segregation of duties risks. The Figure above shows the main features of both products, but together will provide compliant identity management for the entire system landscape.
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An example is presented in the next few figures when a user requests new access to some functionality in one of the systems through SAP NetWeaver Identity Management:
1. User requests new access using SAP NetWeaver Identity Management to one of the systems in the landscape
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2. The request has to be approved by the designated approver.
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3. Approver sends back the approval.
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4. Identity Management will ask the risk management system, in this case SAP BusinessObjects Access Control if this new access right for this user should be allowed, according to segregation of duties.
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5. Risk and Analisis Remediation.
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